MELAMPSORIDIUM BETULINUM   | 
  
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| Fig 1 | 
DESCRIPTION: A very common species especially on the leaves of young trees. The lower surface can be covered in numerous orange-yellow spots with the upper surface showing corresponding pale areas. SPORES: Urediospores are clavate, yellow and echinulate except for the apex. HABITAT: On leaves of Downy and Silver Birch as well as various species of Larix  and Alnus. SEASON: August to October.   |